Chapter six Barpque Music

-------Ⅰ. Baroque Music

-------Barpque usually considered from 1600 to 1750. Master of counterpoint Bach passed away in 175o, which indicated top counterpoint's end and also Bach age's end. The period was called Barpque because all musics had some common groungs in expressive art and mode and no special meaning. Baroque came of French and traced its source which was from Portuguese barroco.It means anomalistic pearl.Essayists first used it when they commented on baroque music.It contained anomalistic exaggerated music's meaning. Classicist in music after Baroque made musical language predigestion and standardization.They thought that baroque music was exaggerated and anomalistic. So Baroque was used for calling Baroque music by essayists.Now we can use deeper and more meticulous historical opinion to study Baroque music.Baroque was not humble and coarse.But Baroque music had a few anomalistic characters. Art of Revival of Learning payed attention to clearness and unification and harmony.But at the end of 16th century emotive factors increased day and day. We can set eyes on dense and dramatic paintings in color. In music we can find clue from pastorals and songs at that time.A new musical style must be developed in order to make strong effect. Placid music in Revival of Learning didn't misfit need of new period.The most important creation in Baroque was the contrast's concept. The music processed smoothly,all the voice parts complected each other and carried through in-phase.After 1600 this kind of music was reduced gradually and was only seen in the religionary musics ,just because religionary musics was astricted by settled cult, so it was the most conservative.

-------The contrast behaved all different aspects:music's low and high, slow and fast speed, strong and weaken force, different tone color, and solo and chorus etc. All above mentioned were in the Baroque music's structure and had their own position individually. Many musicians in Baroque used concerto and re-concerto.

-------The most obvious and sharp contrast was a new types of literature named monody which appeared.Monody was a kind of solo song and had a fluent person's voice part with obbligato of Qin. The important delegate of this types of literature was Caccini(1546-1618). The person's voice tune complied with lyric's means and changed rhythm from simplicity to decoration in his epochal works Le nuove musiche. Caccini belongs to Kamlata combo which was made up of musicians,poets and noblemen. He got to the opinion and concept which expressed feeling in ancient Grecian music in 70s-80s of the 16th century. The combo followed the concept and adopted single voive part's song.Obligato above mentioned was not considered in Revival of Leaning and belonged to Baroque as a notion and meaned different positions of voice parts. In fact Baroque music's most important character was bourdon.

-------Ⅱ. European countries' music in Baroque
-------The musical art had a swift development which never happened before. And it also caused Rococo art's rise. The musics of Germany, Italy and France were the most representational.

-------1. German music
German music took Schuctz,Bach and Hender representatives in Baroque. If we took on multitune music as pyramid, then their music was the top of pagoda. Not only did they draw on Italy music after Revival of Learning but also they made a new way.
-------2. Italy music
-------The great art opera was born in musical cradle---European civilized ancient country Italy. At temporal Florence there were many great musicians and noblemen who were interested in Grecian art. These noblemen decided to endow Grecian drama new life. Upon that they began to give Grecian stories compose and sung by chorus who wore theatrical costume.
-------3. French music
-------The opera and ancient piano music was prevailing in mansions of rajas and noblemen in Paris at that time. French opera broke away the tradition of Italy and independently grew and approach to pantomime. At that time Jean Baptiste Lully was very prominent. His opera was succinct and transparent and elegant. Meanwhile it had strong dance's color and the content was acrid,humorous and penetrating.
The ancient piano's music was also prevailing. The ancient piano's music always attached to Baroque cultural decoration. The masters of piano Francois Couperin and J.p.Jean Philippe Rameau composed many songs.