Chapter Seven Classicism Music

--------Ⅰ. Classicism of Music
--------Classicism is quite undefined word and it have several different but correlative means. One not right direction is that it only refers to the music except pop, which includes all kinds of serious music no matter whenever it was created and no matter whatever its aim is. But there we refer to music which is from 1750 to 1827 until Beethoven passed away.
--------What is called classicism, speaking well and truthly, was ancient Grecian and ancient Roman classical ancientry which were west civilized great two periods. How many centuries past, people run back over yore and attempt to use for reference of cultural elite at that time. Peolpe did so in Revival of Learning and also in Baroque. But they didn't find classicism in deed until 1750s. Archaeological discoveries especially show a simple,grand,serene,potent and elegant picture. This is very representative in ancient Greece and Italy's fanes unearthed. For example, Pompeii's discovery in 1748, relics of Pompeii were copied by artists and sculptors so that they went round widely. Theorists researched their component principle. Historians and estheticians named them classicism and took them models. The gifted artists followed this concept. One of them British artist Renaultzi stressed that the top accomplishment of painting lied in showing ancient Grecian theme and heroic spirit and tribulation of human being.
--------French new classicism artist David also followed the theory which showed in his painting. Italy's new classicism sculptors took classical sculptures as model for paiting to depict modern men and women. Ancient historic accidents,fables and philosophic pensee affected increasingly and wide. Some operatic plays adopted the historical facts,fables and heros of this period. People always regarded classism as outstanding and prominent means because of excellent cultural effect. If either a poem or a auto is classical,which means that it was outstanding. People sometimes were apt to name some picture's design as classical rate. It meant the rate kept nomal balance. and no vagary and difference. It fellowed natural principles. Just because of embracing this kind of proper rate and fellowing natural balance, it made classical music different from others musics.
In fact composers in this era fellowed this essential concept when they considered musical structure.
--------There were some transitional phases between baroque and classicism. One of them was Rococo just like historiography's naming Baroque by its style. The name was originally used to name ornamental art by artistic historiography. In this era,French architecture's splendid and austere style was decomposed or softened and became rocaille. Then was developed a new,flowery,graceful and imaginary style. This spreaded the whole Europe like all French cultures and interests and was popular in South of German and Austria. If say that the musical evolvement was the same to architecture, that would be unapt. But in music we can find elegant and tenuous sculpure. Especially in keyboard music it was brought into play incisively and vividly. Many high-class composers wrote famous songs.
--------Another name came of French galant just as its name imlpied,it means galant. It was actually used to artistic style,its meanings was more abundant. First, it pointed to happiness which was outright and capricious. It was different from moral preach and profound artistic ambit.It also meant elegant and subcelestial interest. It was fluent tune in music and spurned intricate ploy of contraposition. Its rhythm sounded clear because obbligato was insipid. It wouldn't happen that a presumptuous guest usurped the host's role. Galant songs' optimal demonstrated media was human's voice. Composer often made musical sentences succinct and disciplinary and used a divinable catechetical way to play. Singer's voice was indistinct but expressional. Another popular performing media was flute. People appreciated elegant and bland color very much Galanteries the word after 1700 was used. It was popular after 1720s.

--------II. Genres in the early classical music
--------The main modal new music stemed from Italy and took noble class as background after Revival of Learning, them it was popular in Germany and Austria.There were three main groups early: the Berlin group which the son of master of music Bach was the leading representative; Manhaim group which Johann Stamitz was the leading representative; the early Vienna group which Wagenzar and Mengen were the leading representative.
--------Although opera was important part in the classical music, classical music's characteristic was instruments viewing from the whole and it especially showed in sonata and symphony.

--------III. Classical genres in Vienna
--------Haidun,father of symphony ; Mazat,talent of music and Beethoven,saint of music,they erected a secular monument in music's history as prominent representatives of that time.Their characters were that music reflected people's prevalent thought's need.They pursueed esthetical notion and emphasized elegant style, so that they could bestow people optimistic go-aheadism .